Developing new qualitative productivity is an intrinsic requirement and important focus for promoting high-quality development, and it is a significant strategic measure for advancing Chinese-style modernization. It is necessary to further deepen comprehensive reforms, strive to form production relations that are more compatible with new qualitative productivity, unblock the bottlenecks and choke points that restrict the development of new qualitative productivity, and promote a new situation in the development of new qualitative productivity where production factors flow smoothly and are efficiently allocated, scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation are deeply integrated, and new industries, new models, and new drivers continue to emerge, providing strong momentum for high-quality development.

Developing new qualitative productivity is a reform proposition. Productivity determines production relations, and production relations must adapt to the development requirements of productivity. Accelerating the development of new qualitative productivity is both a development proposition and a reform proposition. It is essential to further deepen comprehensive reforms, improve the systems and mechanisms for developing new qualitative productivity according to local conditions, and form new types of production relations that are compatible with the development requirements of new qualitative productivity.

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Further deepening comprehensive reforms is conducive to optimizing the scientific and technological innovation ecosystem and promoting revolutionary breakthroughs in technology. New qualitative productivity is mainly driven by revolutionary breakthroughs in technology. Major technological breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, new energy, new materials, life sciences, quantum technology, and other fields can bring about entirely new changes in production methods and significant improvements in production efficiency. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China's scientific and technological strength has been moving from quantitative accumulation to qualitative leaps and from breakthroughs in individual points to systematic capacity enhancement, entering a stage of parallel and leading development in some frontier fields. However, the original innovation capability of "from 0 to 1" is not strong enough, and the situation where key core technologies in some fields are controlled by others has not fundamentally changed, and the efficiency of scientific and technological investment and output is not high, and the channels for the transformation of achievements are not smooth. The deep-seated reasons behind these problems are mainly factors in the scientific and technological system, such as the不适应 scientific problems in multiple fields integration, multidisciplinary cross-disciplinary new trends of scientific and technological innovation organization methods; the mechanism for supporting basic research and original innovation in scientific and technological research and development investment is not perfect; and so on. Only by continuously deepening the reform of the scientific and technological system and promoting comprehensive innovation in education mechanisms and talent mechanisms can we build a national innovation system that meets the requirements of developing new qualitative productivity, fully tap the potential and vitality of scientific and technological talent innovation, promote the continuous emergence of original and disruptive scientific and technological innovation results, and stimulate the surging innovative momentum for the development of new qualitative productivity.

Further deepening comprehensive reforms is conducive to smoothing the channels of factor flow and promoting innovative allocation of production factors. Production factors are inputs to the production function, and the allocation efficiency of production factors directly affects the output efficiency of the production function. The autonomous, efficient flow, precise matching, and optimization combination of various advanced and high-quality production factors are important prerequisites for forming new qualitative productivity. Since the reform and opening up, China has continued to promote economic system reform, deepen the market-oriented reform of production factors, promote the flow of production factors from departments with low productivity to departments with high productivity, especially the manufacturing industry, and promote the equal use of production factors by various types of ownership economies according to law. By improving the convenience of factor flow and the flexibility of allocation, the total factor productivity has been effectively improved, and a great leap in productivity has been achieved. At the same time, traditional factors such as labor and capital still have different degrees of misallocation and flow barriers, and the market for new production factors such as data and technology is not fully developed, leading to structural contradictions and problems, and the development of productivity has not fully reached the forefront of the production possibility boundary. Only by further improving the market-oriented allocation system and mechanism of production factors, allowing ineffective, inefficient, and misallocated factors to flow to high-quality and efficient fields and regions as soon as possible, can the vitality of various factors be fully unleashed, injecting abundant momentum into the development of new qualitative productivity.

Further deepening comprehensive reforms is conducive to changing the path of industrial development and accelerating the deep transformation and upgrading of industries. Industry is an important carrier of new qualitative productivity. At present, the world's major countries continue to carry out industrial competitions, promoting the reflow of traditional manufacturing such as textiles, steel, and chemicals, and vigorously developing emerging industries and future industries such as artificial intelligence, biomedicine, chips, clean energy, and commercial aerospace, to seize the commanding heights of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. At the same time, some Western countries are engaged in "small courtyards and high walls" and "decoupling and breaking the chain," and the containment and suppression of China's technological progress and industrial upgrading continue to intensify. Only by accelerating the construction of a modern industrial system and strengthening institutional supply and innovative policy support methods around the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, the cultivation and growth of emerging industries, the layout and construction of future industries, and the enhancement of the resilience and security level of industrial chains and supply chains, can we firmly grasp the historical opportunities brought by the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation for the leap in productivity, step up in the century-old changes, and become the "leader" of global scientific and technological and industrial development.

In-depth understanding of the "adapting measures to local conditions" methodology

"Adapting measures to local conditions" comes from Zhao Ye's "Wu Yue Chun Qiu · He Lu Nei Zhuan" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which means to formulate appropriate solutions to problems according to the actual situation under different environments. "Adapting measures to local conditions" is an important methodology and practical requirement for developing new qualitative productivity, which is to adhere to starting from reality, seeking truth from facts, and specific analysis of specific problems in the development process, adhere to systematic thinking and a global concept, avoid short-sightedness and disorder, and promote the acceleration of forming distinctive and complementary new qualitative productivity development patterns among different regions.

Adhere to reality-based, do not rush into action. China has a vast territory and significant regional development differences. The development stages, functional positioning, location conditions, resource endowments, industrial foundations, scientific research conditions, and openness levels of different regions are not the same, and the focus of developing new qualitative productivity must inevitably differ. At present, some places blindly chase "hot" industries such as artificial intelligence, new energy vehicles, and hydrogen energy industries without objectively judging the resource endowments and development foundations of their own regions, leading to phenomena such as "involution" of investment policies and "homogenization" of industrial planning. This not only makes it difficult to truly cultivate new industries and new drivers but also increases local financial pressure and disrupts market order. All regions should accurately locate their strategic positioning in the overall development of the country, respect the objective laws of industrial development, find their own development potential and comparative advantages according to their own development potential, and develop new qualitative productivity selectively, sequentially, and with focus to prevent a rush into action and bubble formation, and resolutely avoid low-level development of homogenization, repetition, and disorderly competition.

Adhere to steady and solid progress, do not be eager for quick success. The development of new qualitative productivity is a long-term and systematic project. All regions need to respect the laws of scientific and technological innovation and industrial development and adhere to steady progress. Some places with a strong economic foundation, strong scientific research strength, and a superior innovation environment can focus on攻克 key core technologies and continue to exert efforts. In advantageous industrial fields, they can focus on key links such as basic components, basic materials, and basic software, greatly enhance the original innovation ability and independent supply ability of underlying technologies and key common technologies, and accelerate the construction of an important position for the development of new qualitative productivity. Places that do not have the conditions temporarily should fully recognize the objective law that the development of new qualitative productivity "cannot be rushed." First, they should accurately find the weak links and weak fields in the development of new qualitative productivity in their own regions, introduce high-quality factors step by step, create an innovation ecosystem, and cultivate industries suitable for local development. They should not be impatient and reckless, greedy for large-scale and foreign-oriented, and should not rush to start so-called "high, precise, and sharp" industries and "high-end, large-scale, and upscale" projects that are detached from reality.Persist in promoting the mutual advancement of the old and the new, and avoid "seeking the new and abandoning the old." The new quality of productive forces is an advanced form of productive forces dominated by technological innovation, characterized by high technology, high efficiency, and high quality, rather than simply emphasizing the development of emerging and future industries while neglecting traditional industries. Traditional industries, emerging industries, and future industries are not separate and opposed, but rather support each other and can be converted into one another. The industrial chains of emerging and future industries often require the support of traditional industries, and some cutting-edge and advanced technologies in traditional industries can be categorized as emerging and future industries after productization and industrialization. For example, the technological development in traditional industry fields such as non-ferrous metals and inorganic non-metals can give birth to high-performance carbon fiber, advanced semiconductors, superconducting materials, and other new material industries; the technological diffusion of the artificial intelligence industry can empower the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, allowing the new quality of productive forces to gestate and develop in the field of traditional industries. To develop the new quality of productive forces, it is essential to manage the relationship between the new and the old, and not blindly pursue the new by treating traditional industries as "low-end industries" or "outdated industries" and simply withdrawing from them. We must adhere to the integration and mutual promotion of the old and the new, allowing traditional industries to continue to play an important role in the construction of a modern industrial system, supporting the development of emerging and future industries. At the same time, we should vigorously promote the high-end, intelligent, and green upgrading of traditional industries to achieve "old trees sprouting new buds."

Focus on key areas to promote systematic reform.

The new quality of productive forces is driven by revolutionary technological breakthroughs, innovative allocation of production factors, and in-depth transformation and upgrading of industries. Building a new type of production relationship that is more compatible with the new quality of productive forces involves various aspects, with the key being to focus on three areas: technological innovation, factor allocation, and industrial development, and to continuously promote deep and systematic reforms.

Strengthen the system and mechanism for promoting high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement. Improve the new national system, optimize the organization mechanism for major scientific and technological innovation, focus on major forward-looking strategic scientific and technological tasks, and build a collaborative and efficient decision-making, organization, and implementation, and factor resource support system. Deepen the cross-disciplinary integration of basic research across multiple disciplines, promote the construction of a number of interdisciplinary centers, break down disciplinary barriers, support interdisciplinary research, cultivate interdisciplinary talents, and promote the formation of new disciplinary growth points and new basic scientific research paradigms. Strengthen the construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces, improve the national laboratory system, optimize the positioning and layout of national scientific research institutions, high-level research-oriented universities, and leading technology enterprises, promote the coordination of central and local scientific and technological innovation, and encourage and standardize the development of new types of research institutions. Establish a mechanism for refining basic and original scientific questions, support universities, scientific research institutions, enterprises, and scientific researchers to refine basic scientific questions from the perspectives of national security, industrial development, improvement of people's livelihoods, and the development of human science and civilization. Utilize China's advantages of a super large-scale market, a complete industrial system, rich application scenarios, and comprehensive production cost advantages to promote the first large-scale application and industrial development of frontier major scientific and technological innovation achievements in China, forming real productive forces.

Improve the system and mechanism for promoting the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries. Improve the effective mechanism for supporting and guiding enterprises to carry out technological transformation, encourage common technology research in key areas of traditional manufacturing, and accelerate the demonstration and application of digital and intelligent technology in traditional industries. Vigorously implement advanced equipment renewal actions, establish systems for carbon emission statistics and accounting, carbon emission budget management, and carbon emission target evaluation and assessment, and smooth the market exit channels for enterprises and capacities with low efficiency, low profitability, high pollution, and high emissions. Lead the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries with national standards, and strengthen the forcing and leading role of mandatory energy consumption limit standards, product quality standards, etc.

Improve the policy and governance system for promoting the development of emerging industries. Focus on key industries such as new-generation information technology, artificial intelligence, aerospace, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, biomedicine, and quantum technology, and focus on breakthroughs in core basic components and components, key basic materials, advanced basic processes, and industrial technology foundations. Optimize the layout of emerging industries, and cultivate a number of emerging industry clusters with distinctive features, complementary advantages, and a reasonable structure according to local conditions. Guide the healthy and orderly development of emerging industries, deepen the cleanup of policies for attracting investment in violation of regulations in the field of emerging industries, implement the fair competition review system, and break down local protection and market segmentation. Promote the consumption of new products and the development of new business forms, and promote emerging industries to become new pillars and new drivers of economic growth.

Accelerate the establishment of a future industry investment growth mechanism. Future industries have characteristics such as disruptive technological sources, uncertain technological routes, and long cycles of industrialization, which require innovative support policies and strengthened institutional guarantees. Build an enterprise innovation traction mechanism, and institutionalize the main position of enterprises in innovation decision-making, R&D investment, scientific research organization, and achievement transformation. Build a frontier scientific and technological achievement transformation mechanism, use more investment to promote the rapid transformation of frontier scientific and technological achievements, and accelerate the construction of professional platforms such as concept verification, pilot ripening, small batch production, and sample testing. Build an application scenario expansion mechanism, accelerate the iteration and upgrading of technology and products in real scenarios, and drive the growth and strength of future industries from the demand side. Build a tolerant and prudent regulatory mechanism for future industries, establish an adaptive and flexible regulatory system, explore new regulatory models such as trigger-based regulation and "artificial intelligence + agile regulation", strengthen bottom-line thinking in fields such as gene editing, data security, and artificial intelligence, and improve governance rules.

Improve the system and mechanism for promoting the gathering of various advanced production factors to develop new quality productive forces. Accelerate the construction of a unified national market, continue to deepen the market-oriented reform of production factors, smooth the flow channels of production factors, reform and innovate the allocation methods of production factors, and promote the gathering of production factors such as labor, capital, land, knowledge, technology, management, and data to develop new quality productive forces. Effectively stimulate the creativity and initiative of entrepreneurs in the allocation of resources and factors, ensure that various types of economies use production factors equally according to the law. Improve the training, introduction, use, evaluation, and mobility mechanisms for talent, support universities to cultivate high-quality compound talents facing scientific and industrial innovation, accelerate the construction of a vocational education system that integrates general education and industry-education integration, and improve the lifelong vocational skills training system. Cultivate and guide patient capital, support the establishment of angel investment, venture capital, and private equity investment that are linked with the life cycle of scientific and technological innovation enterprises and match scientific and technological financing, better play the role of government investment funds, and encourage early, small, long-term, and hard technology investment. Optimize the land management system, strengthen the efficient and intensive use of land resources, promote the mixed development and utilization of land, and the rational conversion of land use, and revitalize existing land and low-efficiency land. Accelerate the transformation of advanced applicable technology to new quality productive forces, strengthen the construction of technology managers, and allow scientific and technical personnel to have greater autonomy in the distribution of scientific and technological achievement transformation benefits. Improve the mechanism for factors to participate in income distribution, and better reflect the market value of knowledge, technology, talent, and data.